IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS ON HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION: A COMPARATIVE AND PATHOGENETIC APPROACH

Abstract

In the 21st century, the acceleration of urbanization and globalization processes has transformed environmental problems into significant global risk factors that directly and indirectly affect human health. Air pollution, deterioration of drinking water quality, and the increase in industrial and domestic waste have contributed to a marked rise in respiratory, cardiovascular, allergic, and oncological diseases. Therefore, ensuring environmental safety in modern urban settings has become one of the priority directions of public health protection.