INTERDISCIPLINE INNOVATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Международная открытая конференция, на которой публикуются оригинальные исследовательские и комментаторские статьи в различных областях. Основная цель — предложить интеллектуальную платформу для международных ученых и развивать междисциплинарные исследования в области прикладных наук.
Имом Бухорий Аллоҳ таолонинг муқарраб бандаларидан бўлиб, ихлос, садоқат ва ибодатда мисли йўқ кишилардан эдилар. Имом Бухорийнинг ибодатлари ҳақида «Тарихи Бағдод» ва бошқа китобларда қуйидаги маълумотлар келтирилган: «Рамазон ойининг биринчи кечасида имом Бухорий ҳузурларига асҳоблари жамланар ва у киши ҳар ракъатга йигирма оятдан қўшиб ўқиб, хатм қилар эди.
PREDICTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR EARLY DETECTION OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN ADULTS: ORGANIZATIONAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
Hearing impairment is one of the most common chronic health conditions worldwide and represents a significant medical, social, and economic challenge. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1.5 billion people experience some degree of hearing loss, and this number is expected to increase substantially in the coming decades due to population aging and the growing prevalence of chronic diseases. Untreated hearing impairment is associated with communication difficulties, reduced quality of life, social isolation, cognitive decline, depression, and decreased work productivity.
THE USE OF DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IN TEACHING LITERATURE IN MILITARY SCHOOLS
This article analyzes the issues of effective use of digital educational resources in the process of teaching literature in military schools. The rapid penetration of modern information and communication technologies into the educational system gives rise to new forms and methods of organizing the educational process. The use of electronic textbooks, multimedia tools, virtual libraries, distance learning platforms and interactive programs in the teaching of literature in military educational institutions serves to develop competencies of students for independent thinking, analysis of works of art and work with information.
military school, literature education, digital education resources, e-textbook, multimedia technology, interactive education, ICT, distance education, competency approach.
MARKAZIY OSIYODA “SUV DIPLOMATIYASI”: IQLIM O‘ZGARISHI SHAROITIDA MOJAROLARDAN HAMKORLIK STRATEGIYALARIGA
Ushbu maqola Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasida suv resurslarining taqsimlanishi bilan bog‘liq ziddiyatlarni va iqlim o‘zgarishining ushbu jarayonga ta’sirini tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotda “suv diplomatiyasi” tushunchasi ilmiy jihatdan asoslanib, transchegaraviy suv resurslarini boshqarishning zamonaviy mexanizmlari o‘rganiladi. Maqolada Afg‘onistondagi “Qo‘shtepa” kanali loyihasi, muzliklarning erishi va “virtual suv” eksporti kabi omillar mintaqaviy xavfsizlikka potensial tahdid sifatida baholanadi. “Suv-Energiya-Oziq-ovqat” (WEF Nexus) bog‘liqligi kontseptsiyasi asosida mojarolarni bartaraf etishning diplomatik va texnologik yechimlari taklif qilinadi.
suv diplomatiyasi, Markaziy Osiyo, iqlim o‘zgarishi, transchegaraviy suv resurslari, WEF Nexus, Qo‘shtepa kanali, virtual suv.
STUDY OF REDUCTION OF COMPLICATION RISK IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION USING COMBINATION THERAPY
Arterial hypertension is one of the most significant global health problems and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Modern international guidelines recommend combination therapy as first-line treatment for most patients with arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy in reducing complications in patients with arterial hypertension. The results showed that combination therapy significantly improves blood pressure control, reduces cardiovascular complications, and prevents target organ damage.
arterial hypertension, combination therapy, cardiovascular complications, antihypertensive therapy, target organ damage
O‘ZBEKISTONDA XOTIN-QIZLAR VA ERKAKLARNING TENG HUQUQLILIGI TA’MINLASH MASALALARI.
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistonda xotin-qizlar va erkaklarning teng huquqliligi ta’minlash, gender tengligi xukumat qarorlarida aks etishi masalalari yoritib berilgan.
Gender, xotin-qizlar va erkaklar, CEDAW, jamiyat, tenglik, tayziq, zo’ravonlik, ximoya orderi, legitimlik.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINFLARDA ONA TILI DARSLARINI AKT VOSITALARIDAN FOYDALANIB TASHKIL QILISHNING SAMARADORLIGI
Mazkur tezisda boshlang‘ich sinflarda ona tili darslarini axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari (AKT) vositalari yordamida tashkil etishning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Ona tili ta’limida o‘quvchilarning savodxonligi, og‘zaki va yozma nutqi, matnni anglash hamda mustaqil fikrlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish muhim o‘rin tutadi. Interaktiv doska, multimedia taqdimoti, audio-video materiallar, elektron mashqlar va ta’limiy o‘yinlar darsni qiziqarli, ko‘rgazmali va natijador qiladi.
boshlang‘ich ta’lim, ona tili, AKT, multimedia, interaktiv metod, savodxonlik, raqamli ta’lim.
Ushbu maqolada mahalla institutining jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni, uning ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash, milliy qadriyatlarni saqlash va fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, globallashuv va raqamlashtirish sharoitida mahallaning zamonaviy funksiyalari hamda uni rivojlantirish istiqbollari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari mahallaning nafaqat mahalliy boshqaruv instituti, balki jamiyatning ijtimoiy-ma’naviy tayanchi ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.
mahalla, fuqarolik jamiyati, milliy qadriyatlar, ijtimoiylashuv, jamoatchilik nazorati, ijtimoiy kapital, ma’naviyat, globallashuv.
“A COGNITIVE EXAMINATION OF ALLUSIVE ELEMENTS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.”
This article presents a comparative cognitive analysis of allusive units in English and Uzbek. Allusive units are linguistic expressions that indirectly refer to another text, historical figure, literary character, or cultural event. From a cognitive linguistics perspective, such units activate mental structures such as frames, scripts, and concepts. The article analyzes allusive units from English that includes ancient mythology, the Bible, Shakespeare, modern cinema and Uzbek which analyzes classical Oriental literature, folk epics, Islamic sources, Uzbek cinema with numerous examples. The comparative analysis reveals that while the frame mechanism operates identically in both languages, the source bases and cultural contexts differ fundamentally. Translation problems and strategies for rendering allusive units are also discussed.
allusion, cognitive linguistics, concept, frame, script, national-cultural specificity, English, Uzbek, translation strategies.
FILMLAR ORQALI INGLIZ TILINI O‘QITISH: AFZALLIKLARI, KAMCHILIKLARI VA PEDAGOGIK YONDASHUVLAR
Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini xorijiy til sifatida o‘qitish (EFL) jarayonida audiovizual materiallar, xususan badiiy filmlardan foydalanishning nazariy asoslari va amaliy samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada Krashenning “Comprehensible Input” nazariyasi va Kommunikativ til o‘qitish (CLT) yondashuvi nuqtai nazaridan film asosidagi ta’limning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari muhokama etiladi. Real film fragmentlaridan olingan inglizcha misollar orqali tinglab tushunish, lug’at boyligi, talaffuz va madaniy kompetensiyaning rivojlanishiga oid xulosalar ishlab chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijasi sifatida, filmlarni dars jarayoniga samarali integratsiya qilish uchun amaliy pedagogik tavsiyalar taqdim etiladi.
audiovizual ta’lim, EFL, kommunikativ yondashuv, Comprehensible Input, film asosidagi o‘qitish, madaniy kompetensiya, autentik materiallar
DEVELOPING ASSESSMENT COMPETENCE IN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF REFLECTIVE, COGNITIVE, OPERATIONAL AND DIAGNOSTIC COMPONENTS
This thesis analyzes the pedagogical foundations for developing the assessment competence of prospective teachers. It highlights the importance of the systematic organization of assessment activities in the modern education system, the role of a teacher's professional competence in this process, and the significance of the assessment approach. Furthermore, the content of the reflective-motivational, cognitive-assessment, constructive-operational, and diagnostic-correctional components of assessment competence, along with their integration, is substantiated from a scientific-pedagogical perspective. The study reveals the significance of these components for the effective organization of assessment activities by prospective teachers, the accurate evaluation of learning outcomes, and the improvement of the educational process. The research findings indicate that developing assessment competence is a crucial factor in enhancing the professional training of teachers and ensuring educational quality.
assessment competence, assessment activity, pedagogical competence, pedagogical measurement, reflexive-motivational component, cognitive-evaluative component, constructive-operational component, diagnostic-correctional component, competency-based approach, formative assessment, validity, reliability, quality of education, pedagogical diagnostics, assessment technologies.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING IN ESLEFL CONTEXTS
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been widely adopted globally, yet its effectiveness across diverse English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts warrants empirical investigation. This article synthesizes findings from recent empirical studies to evaluate CLT's impact on language proficiency, communicative competence, and learner motivation within various instructional settings. Analysis reveals that while CLT generally fosters significant gains in oral communication skills and learner engagement, its efficacy is often mediated by contextual factors such as teacher training, curriculum adaptation, and cultural relevance. The findings suggest that a nuanced, context-sensitive implementation of CLT, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, is crucial for maximizing its benefits in ESL/EFL environments.
Communicative Language Teaching, ESL Contexts, EFL Contexts, Language Proficiency, Communicative Competence, Learner Motivation, Pedagogical Effectiveness, Contextual Factors
JADIDCHILIK DAVRI ADABIYOTIDA INSONPARVARLIK G‘OYALARI. (IS‘HOQXON IBRAT MISOLIDA).
Ushbu maqolada jadidchilik davri adabiyotida insonparvarlik, ma’naviy uyg‘onish va xalqni ma’rifatga chorlovchi g‘oyalar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, Is’hoqxon Ibratning ilm-ma’rifat, axloq va inson qadriyati haqidagi qarashlari tahlil markazida turadi.
jadidchilik, Is’hoqxon Ibrat, ma’rifat, insonparvarlik, ma’naviyat, axloq.
Mazkur maqolada sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni, uning afzalliklari, qo‘llanilish sohalari, o‘quv jarayoniga ta’siri hamda kelajakdagi istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, sun’iy intellektdan foydalanish jarayonida yuzaga keladigan muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, sun’iy intellekt ta’lim sifatini oshirish, o‘quvchilarning mustaqil ta’lim olish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish hamda o‘qituvchilarning ish samaradorligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
sun’iy intellekt, ta’lim texnologiyalari, raqamli ta’lim, innovatsiyalar, elektron ta’lim, masofaviy ta’lim, ta’lim sifati.
GLOBAL EXPERIENCES AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR EXPANDING GREEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural reconfigurations within contemporary labor markets driven by the global transition toward a green economy. As emerging and developing nations align their national policies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (specifically SDG 8 and SDG 9), the traditional employment landscape faces profound adjustments, shifting from carbon-intensive industries toward sustainable, clean-tech alternatives. By contrasting international benchmarks from Germany, China, and the United States against Uzbekistan's domestic strategic initiatives specifically the targets outlined in Presidential Resolution PR-436 this paper investigates the quantitative and qualitative vectors for expanding green employment opportunities. Employing a tripartite methodological matrix that evaluates absolute employment metrics, relative sectoral labor shifts, and subjective workforce adaptability, the study examines the operational challenges of executing large-scale ecological transitions. The empirical discussion highlights that while Uzbekistan's strategic goals (such as deploying 15 GW of renewable energy capacity and executing large-scale afforestation over 458,000 hectares in the Aral Sea basin) possess massive potential for job creation, their successful actualization remains heavily constrained by deep structural skill deficits.
green economy, employment opportunities, labor market transformation, structural adaptation, human capital development, public investment multipliers.
“A LINGUAPRAGMATIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF UZBEK-ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING IN YOUTH DISCOURSE”
This study investigates the intricate patterns and motivations behind Uzbek-English code-switching among youth in Uzbekistan, employing a combined linguapragmatic and sociolinguistic framework. Drawing on qualitative data from naturalistic conversations and interviews, the research identifies various types of code-switching, including inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag-switching. Findings reveal that code-switching serves diverse communicative functions, such as expressing identity, negotiating social relationships, filling lexical gaps, and achieving specific pragmatic effects like emphasis or humor. The analysis highlights the dynamic interplay between linguistic choices, social contexts, and individual agency in shaping contemporary youth discourse. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of language contact phenomena and the evolving linguistic landscape in multilingual societies.
Uzbek-English Code-Switching, Youth Discourse, Linguapragmatics, Sociolinguistics, Language Contact, Multilingualism, Identity
3D GIS TEXNOLOGIYALARI ASOSIDA SHAHAR MODELLARINI YARATISH
Shahar muhitini raqamlashtirishning zamonaviy tendentsiyalari tahlil va rejalashtirish uchun yuqori aniqlikdagi fazoviy modellardan foydalanishni talab qiladi. Ushbu sohadagi eng samarali vositalardan biri geografik axborot tizimlariga asoslangan 3D raqamli modellarni yaratishdir. Bunday modellar nafaqat shahar infratuzilmasini vizualizatsiya qilish, balki boshqaruv qarorlarini qabul qilish uchun zarur bo‘lgan fazoviy tahlilni ham amalga oshirish imkonini beradi. Ushbu maqolada 3D geografik axborot tizimi texnologiyalari asosida shahar hududini raqamli modellashtirishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi.
3D GAT; shahar modeli; LiDAR; fotogrammetriya; BIM; CityGML; geoma’lumotlar integratsiyasi, Shahar muhitini raqamlashtirish.
FUNDUK BOG‘LARIDA NAVLAR BO‘YICHA FITOFAG KANALARNING ZARARLASHI.
Ushbu maqolada Toshkent va Samarqand viloyatlari sharoitida funduk navlarida fitofag kanalarning uchrash darajasi, zararlash xususiyatlari hamda o‘simlik fiziologik holatiga ta’siri o‘rganildi. Tadqiqotlarda oddiy o‘rgimchakkana (Tetranychus urticae Koch), bog‘ o‘rgimchakkanasi (Schizotetranychus pruni Oudms), olma qizil kanasi (Panonychus ulmi Koch), qo‘ng‘ir meva kanasi (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck) va do‘lana kanasi (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) funduk bog‘larida turli rivojlanish bosqichlarida uchrashi aniqlangan. Kuzatishlar natijasida fitofag kanalar, ayniqsa, mevalarni shakllanish davrida yuqori darajada uchrashi va barglarning fotosintez faolligi, suv almashinuvi hamda hosildorlikka salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi qayd etildi. “Cherkas–2” va “Michurin” navlarida kanalarning zararlash darajasi nisbatan yuqori bo‘lib, bu holat navlarning barg tuzilishi, tuklanish darajasi va tuproqdagi suv miqdori bilan bog‘liq ekanligi aniqlandi. Tadqiqot natijalari funduk bog‘larida navlar bo‘yicha fitofag kanalarga chidamlilikni baholash va biologik himoya choralarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
funduk, nav, fitofag kana, oddiy o‘rgimchakkana, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, “Cherkas–2”, “Michurin”, barg zararlanishi, biologik nazorat.
RAQAMLI TA'LIM VA SUN'IY INTELLEKTNING ZAMONAVIY TA'LIM TIZIMIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada raqamli ta'lim va sun'iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta'lim tizimidagi o‘rni, afzalliklari hamda ularni qo‘llash istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi.
raqamli ta'lim, maqsad, e'tibor, sun'iy intellekt, ta'lim texnologiyalari, innovatsiya.
PROTECTION OF THE ANIMAL WORLD AND THE FIGHT AGAINST BROKERING
This article analyzes the legal framework for wildlife protection and the fight against poaching. This article highlights the legislative system aimed at protecting wild animals, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Additionally, the implementation of hunting activities in Japan on the basis of a license and measures for the protection of rare and endangered species were considered. The article reveals the importance of state control, international cooperation, and the CITES Convention in the fight against poaching. Additionally, existing problems were analyzed, and proposals were put forward to actively involve the local population in this process. The research results allow for the study of Japan's advanced experience in the field of wildlife conservation.
Wildlife, poaching, nature conservation, environmental sustainability, licensing system, biodiversity.
PEDAGOGIK MAHORATNING TA’LIM SAMARADORLIGIDAGI ROLI
Ushbu maqolada pedagogik mahoratning ta’lim jarayonidagi ahamiyati, uning ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi o‘rni hamda zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida o‘qituvchining kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, pedagogik mahoratning tarkibiy qismlari va ularning o‘quvchilar bilimini oshirishdagi ta’siri tahlil qilingan.
pedagogik mahorat, ta’lim samaradorligi, o‘qituvchi kompetensiyasi, pedagogik texnologiyalar, ta’lim sifati, innovatsion yondashuv.
OCHILDIMUROD MIRIY DOSTONCHILIKDAGI USLUBIY IZLANISHLARI: OCHILDIMUROD MIRIY HAYOTI VA ADABIY MEROSI
Ushbu maqolada XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmi Turkiston ijtimoiy-adabiy muhitining taniqli vakili, shoir, tarjimon va xattot Ochildimurod Miriyning hayoti, ijodiy merosi va dostonchilikdagi uslubiy izlanishlari tadqiq etilgan. Muallif Miriy ijodining shakllanish omillari, Buxoro va Samarqand madrasalari muhitining uning dunyoqarashiga ta'siri hamda adib ijodidagi janrlar rang-barangligini yoritib beradi. Maqolada shoirning “Raʼno va Zebo”, “Qissai Salim Javhariy”, “Rustam va Suhrob”, “Majdiddin va Faxruniso” kabi dostonlarining g'oyaviy-badiiy xususiyatlari, shuningdek, uning lirika va hajviyotidagi ma'rifatparvarlik tamoyillari tahlil qilingan. Bundan tashqari, jadid adabiyotshunosligi va zamonaviy tadqiqotlar talqini asosida Miriyning mumtoz an’analar va yangi davr adabiy tafakkuri (jadidchilik) o'rtasidagi ko”prik, milliy uyg’onish jarayonining dastlabki asoschilaridan biri sifatidagi o’rni xolis va o’ziga xos baholangan.
Ochildimurod Miriy, dostonchilik, uslubiy izlanishlar, Turkiston adabiy muhiti, mumtoz an’ana, Alisher Navoiy ta'siri, ma’rifatparvarlik, hajviyot, jadidchilik, tarixiy, badiiy talqin,meros, yo’nalish, uslub.
УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ РЕМЕННОГО ПЕРЕДАЧА
В статье превидена усовершенствованная конструкция ременного передача который обеспечывають равномерности трения между ремнём и шкивом по всей зоне их контакта.
ременная передача, вал, шкив, ремень, ролик, трения, равномерность.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОБИЛЬНЫХ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЙ И ОНЛАЙН-ПЛАТФОРМ В ОБУЧЕНИИ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
В данной научной статье рассматриваются современные подходы к обучению русскому языку с использованием мобильных приложений и онлайн-платформ. Анализируются преимущества цифровых технологий в образовательном процессе, их влияние на формирование языковой компетенции учащихся, а также особенности дистанционного и смешанного обучения. Особое внимание уделяется интерактивным методам, мотивации обучающихся и роли преподавателя в цифровой образовательной среде. Исследование показывает, что использование мобильных технологий способствует повышению эффективности обучения, развитию самостоятельности учащихся и совершенствованию навыков коммуникации на русском языке.
русский язык, мобильные приложения, онлайн-платформы, цифровое образование, дистанционное обучение, интерактивное обучение, информационные технологии, языковая компетенция, электронное обучение.
BENZINLI ICHKI YONUV DVIGATELLARINING EKOLOGIK KO`RSATGICHLARINI BAHOLASH
Hozirgi kunda transport tizimining jadal rivojlanishi natijasida avtomobil transporti dunyo iqtisodiyotining muhim tarkibiy qismiga aylangan. Avtomobillarning asosiy qismi ichki yonuv dvigatellari bilan jihozlangan bo‘lib, ular asosan benzin yoki dizel kabi neft mahsulotlari asosidagi yonilg‘ilar hisobiga ishlaydi [1].
СОВЕТ МИРА: УЧАСТИЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА НА МИРОВОЙ АРЕНЕ
Геополитический прорыв Узбекистана 22 января 2026 года в Давосе произошло событие, которое официально закрепило переход внешней политики Узбекистана на качественно новый, глобальный уровень. Подписание президентом Шавкатом Мирзиёевым Хартии Совета мира (Board of Peace) на полях Всемирного экономического форума ознаменовало превращение республики в одного из архитекторов новой системы международной безопасности. Данный шаг рассматривается не просто как участие в очередной многосторонней структуре, а как реализация глубоко продуманного стратегического маневра, объединяющего жесткие интересы безопасности с амбициозными экономическими целями и стремлением к признанию страны в качестве серьезного субъекта мировой арены.
Муқаддас динимиз-исломда фарзандларни маънавий тарбиялаш борасида ғоят мукаммал ғоявий қарашлар тизими яратилган. Бу дунёга келган инсонларнинг ўзаро муомала қилмасдан иложи йўқ.
KONSEPT VA UNING TIL TIZIMIDAGI OBYEKTIVLASHUVI
Mazkur ishda kognitiv tilshunoslikning asosiy tushunchalaridan biri bo‘lgan konseptning nazariy asoslari, uning ilmiy talqinlari hamda til, tafakkur va madaniyat bilan o‘zaro aloqasi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, konseptning murakkab mental tuzilma sifatidagi xususiyatlari va uning til vositasida obyektivlashuvi masalalari yoritiladi.
konsept, kognitiv tilshunoslik, til va tafakkur, madaniyat, mental tuzilma, lingvokognitiv yondashuv
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОРМУЛЫ БЕЙЕСА В ТЕКСТИЛЬНОЙ ЛЁГКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
В данной статье рассматривается возможность применения формулы Бейеса как инструмента вероятностного анализа в условиях текстильного и швейного производства. Показано, как метод обновления вероятностей на основе новых данных может быть использован при контроле качества продукции, оценке причин брака и прогнозировании отказов оборудования. Приведены практические примеры расчётов, применимые на производственных предприятиях лёгкой промышленности.
формула Бейеса, теория вероятностей, контроль качества, лёгкая промышленность, текстильное производство, брак, вероятностный анализ.
ALFONS DODE. ''SO'NGGI SABOQ '' HIKOYASI
Alfons Dode. ''So'nggi saboq '' hikoyasi haqida fikr va mulohazalar keltirilgan.