SUV QANDALARINING SISTEMATIKASI, TARQALISHI VA ANIQLASH USULLARI
Keywords:
Suv qandalari, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, sistematika, tarqalish, aniqlash kaliti, fauna, Markaziy Osiyo.Abstract
Ushbu maqolada suv qandalari (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) sistematikasining zamonaviy tuzilishi, asosiy oilalarning morfologik va ekologik xususiyatlari, ularning dunyo bo‘ylab tarqalishi, shuningdek oila darajasidagi aniqlash kaliti va Markaziy Osiyo (O‘zbekiston) faunasiga oid turlar ro‘yxati keltirilgan. Maqolada jadvallar, diagrammalar va kalitlar orqali taksonomik toifalar, oilalar kesimidagi turlar boyligi va zoogeografik zonalar yoritilgan.
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