PARRANDA GRIPPI VIRUSI: HOZIRGI DAVRDAGI MUAMMOLAR VA LABORATORIYA TASHXISI
Keywords:
parranda grippi, influenza A, H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, zoonoz, RT-PCR, sekvenslash, laborator tashxis.Abstract
Parranda grippi viruslari, ayniqsa influenza A virusining H5 kladi vakillari, so‘nggi yillarda global veterinariya va jamoat salomatligi uchun eng dolzarb zoonoz infeksiyalardan biriga aylandi. Hozirgi epidemiologik bosqichda clade 2.3.4.4b ga mansub yuqori patogen H5N1 viruslari yovvoyi qushlar, parrandachilik xo‘jaliklari va ayrim sut emizuvchilarda keng tarqalib, odamga sporadik yuqish holatlarini yuzaga keltirmoqda. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti ma’lumotiga ko‘ra, 2003-yildan 2026-yil 22-yanvargacha A(H5N1) bo‘yicha 993 ta laborator tasdiqlangan odam holati va 477 ta o‘lim qayd etilgan. Hozirgi vaqtda umumiy aholi uchun xavf past deb baholansa-da, kasallangan qushlar, sut emizuvchilar yoki ifloslangan muhit bilan bevosita aloqada bo‘luvchi shaxslar uchun xavf yuqoriroq bo‘lib qolmoqda. Zamonaviy laborator tashxisning asosi real-time RT-PCR, subtiplashtirish, sekvenslash va epidemiologik kontekstni hisobga olgan algoritmik yondashuvdan iborat. Ushbu maqolada parranda grippining hozirgi davrdagi asosiy muammolari, klinik-laborator xususiyatlari va diagnostik yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi.
References
1. World Health Organization. Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. 2026.
2. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003–2026; 22 January 2026.
3. FAO, WHO, WOAH. Updated joint public health assessment of recent influenza A(H5) virus events in animals and people. 28 July 2025.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A(H5) Bird Flu: Current Situation. 6 March 2026.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health and Clinical Labs: Novel Influenza A Virus Testing. 15 May 2025.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Collecting Specimens for Novel Influenza A Virus Testing. 15 May 2025.
7. World Health Organization. WHO information for the molecular detection of influenza viruses. August 2024.
8. Pinsky BA, Bradley BT. Opportunities and challenges for the U.S. laboratory response to highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1). J Clin Virol. 2024;174:105723. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105723.
9. Xie Z, Yang J, Jiao W, va boshq. Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges. J Virol. 2025;99(6):e00424-25. doi:10.1128/jvi.00424-25.
10. Rolfes MA, Kniss K, Kirby MK, va boshq. Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in the United States from March 2024 to May 2025. Nat Med. 2025;31(11):3889-3898. doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03905-2.
11. Dawood FS, Garg S, Patel P, Uyeki TM. Asymptomatic Human Infections With Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Confirmed by Molecular and Serologic Testing: A Scoping Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(10):e2540249. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.40249.
12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Influenza Diagnostic Tests. Updated 2024.
