MIKROTSEFALIYA KASALLIGINING ETIOLOGIYASI, PATOGENEZI VA KLINIK KECHISHI
Keywords:
microcephaly, neural progenitor cells (NPCs), pathogenesis, genetic mutations, Zika virus, mitotic defects, apoptosis, intrauterine infections, developmental disorders, teratogenic factors, genetic syndromes (Down, Edwards, Patau), brain development, neurological disorders, epigenetic mechanisms in developmentAbstract
In recent years, the relevance of central nervous system pathologies among congenital developmental disorders has been increasing. Microcephaly is one of the most severe and complex neurological conditions, characterized by a significantly reduced brain size compared to age- and sex-related norms. The disease develops due to genetic mutations, intrauterine infections, teratogenic factors, and perinatal damage. The pathogenesis of microcephaly is mainly associated with decreased proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mitotic and centrosome defects, premature differentiation, increased apoptosis, and insufficient activity of human-specific genes. Zika virus and other teratogens directly damage NPCs, leading to disruption of cortical layers and brain structure. The clinical course of microcephaly depends on etiological factors and is accompanied by psychomotor and cognitive developmental delays, seizure syndromes, and disability. Early diagnosis and comprehensive rehabilitation measures are crucial for improving the quality of life. This study analyzes the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical course of microcephaly based on modern scientific data.
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