XOTIRA MEXANIZMLARI
Keywords:
xotira, sinaptik plastiklik, gipokamp, LTP, neyrotransmitterlar, kognitiv jarayonlar, Altsgeymer kasalligi.Abstract
Xotira inson markaziy nerv tizimining eng muhim va murakkab funksiyalaridan biri bo‘lib, u tashqi muhitdan olingan axborotni qabul qilish, saqlash va qayta tiklash jarayonlarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Ushbu maqolada xotira mexanizmlarining neyrofiziologik va biokimyoviy asoslari, xotiraning turlari hamda ularning shakllanishida ishtirok etuvchi asosiy miya tuzilmalari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, sinaptik plastiklik, uzoq muddatli potensiallashuv (LTP) va uzoq muddatli depressiya (LTD) kabi jarayonlarning xotira shakllanishidagi roli ilmiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Bundan tashqari, gipokamp, amigdala va prefrontal korteksning xotira jarayonlaridagi funksional ahamiyati hamda neyrotransmitterlar (asetilxolin, glutamat, dopamin) ishtirokidagi molekulyar mexanizmlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy tadqiqotlar asosida xotira buzilishlari, jumladan, nevrodegenerativ kasalliklar — Altsgeymer kasalligi va boshqa kognitiv disfunktsiyalar bilan bog‘liq o‘zgarishlar ham tahlil etiladi.
Mazkur ish xotira mexanizmlarini chuqur tushunishga yordam berib, klinik amaliyotda diagnostika va davolash yondashuvlarini takomillashtirish uchun nazariy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
References
1. Kandel ER, Koester JD, Mack SH, Siegelbaum SA. Principles of Neural Science. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2021.
2. Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
3. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al. Neuroscience. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2018.
4. Squire LR, Berg D, Bloom FE, et al. Fundamental Neuroscience. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2013.
5. Kandel ER. The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science. 2001;294(5544):1030–1038.
6. Bliss TVP, Collingridge GL. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature. 1993;361(6407):31–39.
7. Dudai Y. The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram? Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:51–86.
8. Squire LR, Wixted JT. The cognitive neuroscience of human memory since H.M. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:259–288.
9. Milner B, Squire LR, Kandel ER. Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Neuron. 1998;20(3):445–468.
10. Eichenbaum H. Memory: organization and control. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017;68:19–45.
11. Izquierdo I, Medina JH. Memory formation: the sequence of biochemical events in the hippocampus and its connection to activity in other brain structures. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1997;68(3):285–316.
12. Lisman J, Grace AA. The hippocampal-VTA loop: controlling the entry of information into long-term memory. Neuron. 2005;46(5):703–713.
13. Axmedov A.A., Xolmatov R.X. Odam fiziologiyasi. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi; 2019.
14. Yuldashev Y.K., Axmedova D.R. Nerv tizimi fiziologiyasi va oliy nerv faoliyati. Toshkent: Fan va texnologiya; 2020.
15. Usmonov B.S., Qodirov U.Q. Tibbiy biologiya va genetika. Toshkent: Abu Ali ibn Sino nomidagi nashriyot; 2018.
16. Karimov Sh.I., Axmedov M.M. Patologik fiziologiya asoslari. Toshkent: Yangi asr avlodi; 2017.
17. Toshkent Tibbiyot Akademiyasi. Neyrofiziologiya bo‘yicha o‘quv-uslubiy qo‘llanma. Toshkent; 2021.
18. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Sog‘liqni saqlash vazirligi. Nevrologik kasalliklar bo‘yicha klinik protokollar. Toshkent; 2022.
19. Xudoyberdiyev Z.N. Oliy nerv faoliyati fiziologiyasi. Toshkent: Fan; 2016.
20. Rasulov A.A. Xotira va kognitiv jarayonlarning fiziologik asoslari. Tibbiyot jurnali. 2021;3(2):45–52.
