INTELLECTUAL EDUCATION TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND INNOVATIVE DIGITAL TOOLS
Международная открытая конференция, на которой публикуются оригинальные исследовательские и комментаторские статьи в различных областях. Основная цель — предложить интеллектуальную платформу для международных ученых и развивать междисциплинарные исследования в области прикладных наук.
JISMONIY SHAXSLARGA KREDIT BERISH JARAYONLARIDA ZAMONAVIY BANK TEXNOLOGIYALARINI QO‘LLASH: XORIJIY TAJRIBA VA MILLIY AMALIYOT
Bugungi kunda jahon moliya bozorlarida raqamli texnologiyalarning jadal rivojlanishi bank xizmatlari ko‘rsatish tizimida tub o‘zgarishlarni yuzaga keltirmoqda. Xususan, jismoniy shaxslarga kredit berish jarayonlarini avtomatlashtirish, kredit xizmatlarini masofadan turib ko‘rsatish hamda kredit risklarini zamonaviy texnologiyalar asosida boshqarish banklar faoliyatining ustuvor yo‘nalishlaridan biriga aylanmoqda. Zamonaviy bank texnologiyalaridan foydalanish kredit ajratish jarayonlarini soddalashtirish, xizmatlar sifatini oshirish va operatsion xarajatlarni kamaytirish imkonini bermoqda [1].
O‘zbekiston Respublikasida ham bank tizimini raqamlashtirish bo‘yicha keng ko‘lamli islohotlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Tijorat banklari tomonidan mobil ilovalar, internet banking xizmatlari, elektron identifikatsiya va masofaviy kreditlash tizimlari joriy etilmoqda
TIJORAT BANKLARIDA JISMONIY SHAXSLARGA IPOTEKA KREDITLARINI AJRATILISHINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YOʻLLARI
Ushbu tezis tijorat banklarida jismoniy shaxslarga ipoteka kreditlarini ajratish jarayonini tahlil qilish va uni takomillashtirish yo‘llarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Ishda ipoteka kreditlarining tijorat banklari faoliyatidagi roli, ularning iqtisodiyotga ta’siri, shuningdek, kredit ajratish mexanizmi va jismoniy shaxslarning moliyaviy imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.
tijorat banklari, ipoteka kreditlari, jismoniy shaxslar, kredit ajratish, moliyaviy imkoniyatlar
CHAQIRUVGA QADAR BOSHLANG‘ICH TAYYORGARLIK FANI MASHG‘ULOTLARIDA TA’LIM VOSITALARIDAN FOYDALANISH
Ushbu maqola chaqiruvga qadar boshlang‘ich tayyorganlik fani mashg’ulotlarida o’quvchilarning bilim ko’nikma va malakalarini shakillantirishda texnologik yondashuvlar asosida ta'lim shakllarini qulaylashtirish, natijasini kafolatlash va xolisona baholash uchun inson salohiyati hamda kompyuter vositalarining o‘zaro ta'siri to‘g‘risida fikrlar bildirilgan.
kompyuter, texnologik yondashuv, kafolat, didaktika, tafakkur, component,ilmiy texnika,funksiya.
TALABALARINING O’QUV FAOLIYATINING O’ZIGA XOS MAZMUNI VA MOHIYATI HAMDA ULARDAGI MUVAFFAQIYATNI TA`MINLASHNING PSIXOLOGIK OMILLARI
Tаlаbаlаr o‘quv fаоliyati muvаffаqiyatining muhim shаrti оliy o‘quv yurtidаgi tа`lim jаrаyonining o’zigа хоs хususiyatlаrini o’rgаnish, diskоmfоrt tuyg’usini bаrtаrаf qilish, mikrоmuhitdа yuz bеrаdigаn ziddiyatlаrning оldini оlishdаn ibоrаtdir.
Оdаtdа quyi kurslаrdаgi tаlаbаlаr o’quv fаоliyatini mumkin qаdаr to’lаrоq tаsаvvur etishgа hаrаkаt qilаdilаr, lеkin uni bоshqаrish to’g’risidа yеtаrli mа`lumоtgа egа bo’lmаydilаr.
PUNCTUATION AS A SYSTEM OF GRAPHIC SIGNS IN WRITTEN LANGUAGE
The article examines punctuation as a system of graphic signs that plays a crucial role in the organization and interpretation of written language. Traditionally viewed as a set of orthographic conventions, punctuation is increasingly recognized as an essential component of written communication that contributes to syntactic organization, semantic clarity, stylistic expression, and pragmatic meaning. The study analyzes the linguistic nature of punctuation and its functions within written discourse. Particular attention is paid to the role of punctuation marks in structuring texts, conveying emotional nuances, and facilitating communication between the author and the reader. The findings suggest that punctuation constitutes an independent semiotic subsystem of language that participates actively in meaning construction.
punctuation, graphic signs, written language, written communication, semiotic system, discourse, text organization.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ УЗБЕКСКИХ УЧАЩИХСЯ НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ КАТЕГОРИИ РОДА В РУССКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
В статье рассматриваются теоретические и практические аспекты формирования лингвокультурологической компетенции узбекских учащихся, особенности восприятия и усвоения категории рода в русском языке представителями узбекской языковой культуры.
лингвокультурологическая компетенция, категория рода, русский язык как иностранный, методика преподавания, узбекские учащиеся.
BOLANI MAKTAB TA’LIMIGA TAYYORLASHDA JISMONIY RIVOJLANISH VA SOG`LOM TURMUSH TARZINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada Maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlari uchun tarbiyachi tayyorlashda “Oilada bolalarni maktab ta’limiga tayyorlash” fanining o‘qitilishi muhim o‘rin tutadi. Oilada bolalarni maktab ta’limiga tayyorlash fani bo‘lajak tarbiyachilarni maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlarida tarbiyachilik faoliyatiga tayyorlaydi. bo‘lajak tarbiyachilarga maktabgacha ta’limning asl mohiyati bola va tarbiyachining hamkorlik faoliyati ekanligini, bola tarbiyasining maqsadini, bola ruhiyatini rivollantirish qoidalariga amal qilishni o‘rgatadi. Ushbu fanni o`rgatish jarayonida ta`lim oluvchilarda kasbga nisbatan qat'iy barqaror qiziqish bolalar bilan ishlashda kasbiy bilim va tushunchalarga ega bo`lishini ta'minlaydi.Maqolamizda shular haqida ma`lumot beriladi.
bolalar, tarbiyachlar, guvernyor, tadbir, sog`lomlahtirish, mashg`ulotlar, baquvvat, yirik motorika, mayda motorika va srbsomotorika.
SAID AHMAD HIKOYALARIDA SIFAT YASOVCHI QOʻSHIMCHALAR VA XUSUSIYATLARI ("QORAKOʻZ MAJNUN", "SAROB" HIKOYALARI ASOSIDA)
Ushbu maqolada taniqli oʻzbek yozuvchisi Said Ahmadning hikoyalarida sifat yasovchi qoʻshimchalarning qoʻllanilishi va ularning badiiy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. -li, -gi, ser-, -parvar, be-, - lik, - iq kabi qoʻshimchalar orqali muallif qahramonlarning xarakteri, muhitning ruhi va voqealar dinamikasini qanday jonlantirgani koʻrib chiqiladi. Asarda Said Ahmad uslubining oʻziga xos jihatlari — psixologizm, ixcham tasvir va milliy rang-baranglik qoʻshimchalarning yordamida qanday ifodalanishi misollar bilan tushuntirilgan.
Said Ahmad, sifat yasovchi qoʻshimchalar, badiiy tasvir, psixologizm, oʻzbek adabiyoti, lingvostilistika.!
РОЛЬ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ В ЖИЗНИ ОБЩЕСТВА И ЧЕЛОВЕКА
В данной статье дается определение системе ценностей с позиции философского анализа. Указывается на роль ценностей в жизнедеятельности не только общества но и человека.
Акцентируется на то, что философия подходит к объяснению ценности с разных позиций: социально--исторических, экономических, духовных и диалектических.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НОВОГО УЗБЕКИСТАНА: МОДЕЛЬ ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОСТА И УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
В статье анализируется современная социально-экономическая концепция Нового Узбекистана сквозь призму инклюзивного роста и модернизации социальной сферы. Автор исследует трансформацию государственной парадигмы от чисто макроэкономического планирования к человекоцентричной модели развития. Особое внимание уделяется механизмам снижения уровня бедности, либерализации бизнеса и инвестициям в человеческий капитал как ключевым факторам обеспечения долгосрочной устойчивости национальной экономики. Статья отражает академическую позицию исследователей Ташкентского государственного экономического университета (ТГЭУ) касательно текущих институциональных реформ.
New Uzbekistan, inclusive growth, human capital, socio-economic reforms, poverty reduction, educational modernization, TSUE.
GEOMETRIYA KURSIDA KOPYOQLARNING HAJMINI O'RGANISH METODIKASI
To‘g‘ri burchakli parallelepiped hajmi va birlik kub tushunchasi geometriya kursining eng fundamental mavzularidan biri bo‘lib, bu tushuncha o‘quvchilarda fazoviy tasavvurni shakllantirishning boshlang‘ich nuqtasi hisoblanadi.
Ushbu mavzu orqali o‘quvchilar nafaqat matematik formulani o‘zlashtiradilar, balki atrof-muhitdagi uch o‘lchamli jismlarning sig‘imi, ularni o‘lchash usullari va real hayotdagi tatbiqlari haqida ham tasavvurga ega bo‘ladilar.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ УЗБЕКСКИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ (УРОВНИ А2–В1)
Преподавание русского языка в узбекской школе является важной составляющей системы среднего образования Республики Узбекистан. Особую трудность вызывает усвоение грамматических категорий, отсутствующих в родном языке, в частности категории рода существительных, которая связана не только с формальными правилами, но и с культурно-ассоциативными смыслами.
Степень разработанности проблемы. Основы лингвокультурологического подхода заложены в трудах В.В. Воробьева, Е.М. Верещагина, В.Г. Костомарова, Ю.Н. Караулова [1; 2].
UY-RO‘ZG‘OR ELEKTROTEXNIK BUYUMLARINI DIAGNOSTIKA QILISH KO‘NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING ZAMONAVIY USULLARI
Ushbu maqolada uy-ro‘zg‘or elektrotexnik buyumlarini diagnostika qilish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada amaliy va nazariy ta'lim usullarini integratsiyalash, simulyatsiya texnologiyalari, raqamli diagnostika vositalari va kompetensiyaga asoslangan yondashuv kabi innovatsion metodlarning ta'lim samaradorligiga ta'siri tahlil qilingan. Ilmiy izlanish natijalari texnikum o‘quvchilarida kasbiy diagnostika malakalarini shakllantirish uchun muhim amaliy ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatib beradi.
elektrotexnik buyumlar, diagnostika ko‘nikmalari, zamonaviy usullar, simulyatsiya texnologiyasi, kompetensiyaga asoslangan ta'lim, multimetr, amaliy mashg‘ulot, raqamli diagnostika.
XXI ASRDA AQSh TASHQI SIYOSATINING YANGI YO‘NALISHLARI
Ushbu maqolada XXI asrda AQSh tashqi siyosatining asosiy yo‘nalishlari va ularning prezidentlar almashinuvi fonida evolyutsiyasi tahlil qilinadi. G.Bush, B.Obama, D.Trump (ikkita muddatda) va J.Bayden ma'muriyatlarining tashqi siyosiy kurslari qiyosiy tarzda ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada terrorizmga qarshi kurashdan global strategik raqobatga o‘tish, xalqaro ittifoqlar va institutlarga yondashuvdagi o‘zgarishlar, Xitoy va Rossiya bilan munosabatlar, hamda Yevropaning strategik avtonomiyaga intilishi kabi muhim masalalar tadqiq etiladi. Tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatadiki, turli prezidentlar turlicha yondashuvlarni qo‘llasalar-da, AQSh tashqi siyosatining umumiy strategik maqsadi - global yetakchilikni saqlab qolish va milliy manfaatlarni himoya qilishdan iborat.
AQSh tashqi siyosati, prezidentlik doktrinalari, «America First», transatlantik munosabatlar, NATO, Xitoy bilan raqobat, Ukraina inqirozi, Yevropa strategik avtonomiyasi, geosiyosiy raqobat, global yetakchilik.
АНАЛИЗ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ НА ОСНОВЕ ДАННЫХ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ И ГИС-ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Изменение климата оказывает значительное влияние на экосистемы и природные ресурсы. В данном исследовании рассматривается использование спутниковых данных и географических информационных систем (ГИС) для мониторинга температуры, осадков и растительности. Анализ NDVI позволяет выявлять динамику растительности и оценивать воздействие климата на окружающую среду. Интеграция спутниковых и ГИС-технологий обеспечивает точное и своевременное отслеживание изменений климата. Полученные результаты способствуют планированию стратегий адаптации и управления ресурсами.
Изменение климата, cпутниковые данные, географические информационные системы (ГИС), индекс растительности (NDVI), pоказатели температуры и осадков
YOSH AVLODNI MAQOM SAN’ATIGA QIZIQSHI PASAYISHINING SABABLARI VA ULARNI BARTARAF ETISH OMILLARI
Maqom san’ati o‘zbek madaniyatining eng yuksak namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, globallashuv va raqamli axborot asrida yosh avlodning maqomga qiziqishi sezilarli darajada susayib bormoqda. Ushbu maqolada mazkur holatning ijtimoiy ijtimoiy, madaniy va peadgogik omillari tahlil qilinadi, hamda uni bartaraf etishning samarali yo‘llari ko‘rsatib beriladi.
maqom, yoshlar, musiqiy me’ros, globallashuv, talim, targ‘ibot, milliy madaniyat.
LINGUO-PRAGMATIC ROLES OF COMPLIMENTS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERARY WORKS
This thesis analyzes the linguo pragmatic features of compliments in English and Uzbek literary works.The function of compliments as a speech acts, the purpose of their use in social settings, and their culturally specific forms of expression are studied comparatively. The research reveals the role of compliments in the speech of characters from selected English and Uzbek literary works in strengthening social relations between people and expressing respect and sincerity.
compliment, linguo-pragmatics, speech act, communicative task, English literature, Uzbek literature, culture, pragmatics.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF COMPLIMENT EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH LITERARY WORKS
This thesis explores the lexical features of compliment expressions in English literary works and examines their semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic functions within literary discourse. Compliments are an essential part of evaluative language, reflecting positive judgment, emotional attitude, and interpersonal relationships between characters. In literary texts, they serve not only as a communicative tool but also as a means of character development and narrative enrichment. The research is based on the analysis of selected English literary works and focuses on identifying the most frequent lexical units used in compliment constructions. The findings show that positive evaluative adjectives constitute the core of compliment expressions. Lexemes such as beautiful, kind, intelligent, charming, and wonderful are among the most recurrent units in literary dialogues and descriptions. Statistical observation suggests that approximately 60% of compliment expressions are built around positive adjectives, while intensifiers such as very, so, extremely, and truly appear in nearly 20–25% of cases to enhance emotional force. In addition, the study reveals that compliment expressions in literary discourse are not always explicit. Authors often employ metaphorical, indirect, and context-dependent lexical choices to convey admiration and approval. Such linguistic strategies contribute to a more natural representation of speech and help reflect social norms of politeness and emotional expression in English-speaking culture. The results indicate that compliment expressions in English literature function both as lexical units and stylistic devices, playing a significant role in shaping dialogue, revealing character relationships, and enhancing the expressive power of the text.
compliment expressions, lexical features, English literature, evaluative language, stylistics, pragmatics.
MILLIY TARBIYANING TARIXIY ILDIZLARI HAMDA UNING MA’NAVIY-MA’RIFIY MOHIYATI
Mazkur maqolada milliy tarbiyaning tarixiy ildizlari, uning shakllanish bosqichlari hamda ma’naviy-ma’rifiy mohiyati tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, xalq pedagogikasi, milliy qadriyatlar, urf-odat va an’analar asosida yosh avlodni tarbiyalashning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Milliy tarbiyaning jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi o‘rni va barkamol shaxsni shakllantirishdagi pedagogik imkoniyatlari ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan.
ta’lim-tarbiya ishlari, milliy tarbiya, ma’naviy boylik, kishilik jamiyati, pedagogik jarayon, talabchanlik, insonparvarlik tuyg‘usi, axloqiy soflik, ma’naviy boylik, jismoniy barkamollik, bebaho meros.
SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ACADEMIC PRACTICE
Self-directed learning (SDL) has emerged as a foundational construct in contemporary higher education, emphasizing the learner's capacity to initiate, regulate, and evaluate their own educational experiences. This article examines the conceptual origins, defining characteristics, and theoretical frameworks of SDL. Drawing on established scholarship, it explores how autonomy, metacognition, motivation, and goal-setting interact to produce self-regulated academic behavior. The implications for curriculum design, instructional strategies, and learner support in university contexts are discussed, underscoring SDL's role in developing lifelong learners.
self-directed learning, higher education, autonomy, metacognition, self-regulation, lifelong learning, andragogy
FORECASTING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE MIGRATION USING TCO AND ROI IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article proposes a TCO- and ROI-based algorithm for forecasting the economic efficiency of enterprise migration to cloud infrastructure in the digital economy. The study compares traditional IT infrastructure with cloud scenarios based on IaaS, PaaS, SaaS and hybrid deployment models. The algorithm considers capital expenditure, operational expenditure, migration costs, staff training, information security, network reliability, service-level agreement indicators and the risk of vendor lock-in. A mathematical model, a decision workflow and a scenario-based comparison table are presented. The analytical evaluation shows that a planned transition to cloud services can reduce total cost of ownership, improve resource elasticity and support faster managerial decision-making. The proposed approach can be used by enterprises and public organizations before adopting cloud services to forecast financial benefits and manage implementation risks.
cloud computing, digital economy, cloud migration, TCO, ROI, CAPEX, OPEX, hybrid cloud, cost optimization, decision model.
A MULTI-CRITERIA MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
The article analyzes the efficiency of cloud computing technologies in the context of the digital economy and proposes a multi-criteria evaluation model. The study considers cloud computing not only as an infrastructure service, but also as a managerial tool that affects costs, scalability, productivity, data accessibility and innovation speed. The proposed model combines economic indicators such as total cost of ownership and operational savings with technical indicators such as resource utilization, availability, latency, security and elasticity. A formula-based efficiency index and an analytical comparison of on-premise, private cloud, public cloud and hybrid cloud approaches are presented. The results show that the effectiveness of cloud computing depends on workload type, governance maturity, integration quality and the ability to continuously optimize resources.
digital economy, cloud computing, efficiency analysis, total cost of ownership, scalability, elasticity, hybrid cloud, information systems, digital transformation.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NETWORKED CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON THE IOT CONCEPT AND ARDUINO HARDWARE PLATFORM
The rapid development of communication networks and embedded computing has increased the demand for networked control systems capable of monitoring and controlling physical objects in real time. This article presents a software-hardware approach for designing an Arduino-based control system in accordance with the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. The proposed model combines sensors, actuators, an Arduino microcontroller, UART/SPI/I2C interfaces, Ethernet or Wi-Fi communication and TCP/UDP network protocols. A performance evaluation model is introduced using response time, packet delivery ratio, protocol overhead and control efficiency indicators. The analytical discussion shows that UDP-based control may provide faster response for lightweight real-time commands, while TCP remains useful for reliable data exchange. The results can be applied in educational laboratories, smart buildings, access control, environmental monitoring and small-scale automation systems.
Internet of Things, Arduino, embedded control system, networked control, TCP, UDP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, sensors, actuators.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE-HARDWARE COMPLEX FOR MONITORING EMPLOYEE WORKING TIME IN MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The paper presents a software-hardware complex for monitoring employee working time in medical and educational institutions. The proposed solution combines RFID/QR identification, optional biometric verification, an edge controller, a central API server, a relational database and an analytical dashboard. The article describes the system architecture, event processing algorithm, working-time calculation model, security requirements and practical reporting functions. A scenario-based analytical comparison shows that the integrated complex can reduce manual errors, improve schedule discipline and provide transparent data for administrative decisions.
working time monitoring, software-hardware complex, attendance system, RFID, biometric verification, edge controller, medical institution, educational institution, digital management.
FACILITATING LESSON DELIVERY THROUGH THE EFFECTIVE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in lesson processes is no longer an additional visual aid, but a systematic condition for flexible, interactive and learner-centered education. This article proposes a digital-pedagogical model for facilitating lesson delivery through ICT tools such as learning management systems, interactive boards, cloud resources, multimedia content, online assessment services and learning analytics. The study focuses on how ICT reduces organizational workload, improves visualization, supports differentiated instruction and enables continuous feedback. A lesson facilitation index is introduced to assess the methodological effect of ICT-supported teaching. The analytical comparison shows that ICT-integrated lessons can increase student engagement, reduce routine classroom management time and strengthen formative assessment when technology is aligned with pedagogical objectives rather than used mechanically.
information and communication technologies, ICT in education, digital pedagogy, lesson delivery, interactive learning, learning management system, formative assessment, teacher workload.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADAPTIVE ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORM FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSES
The digital transformation of education has increased the demand for flexible, interactive and measurable online learning platforms, especially in professional development and retraining courses. This article develops a methodological and functional model of an adaptive online learning platform for professional development courses. The proposed model is based on the analysis of online learning methods, learning management systems, personalization mechanisms, artificial intelligence support, feedback tools and learning analytics. The platform structure integrates learner registration, digital profile formation, modular learning content, video lectures, interactive tests, forums, assignments, adaptive recommendations, assessment and instructor feedback. A mathematical model for evaluating platform effectiveness is proposed using accessibility, learner activity, completion rate, feedback quality and satisfaction indicators. The results indicate that an adaptive online platform can improve the quality of professional development courses by supporting individualized learning trajectories, reducing organizational barriers and providing data-driven monitoring of educational outcomes.
online education, professional development, learning platform, LMS, adaptive learning, artificial intelligence, learning analytics, digital education, e-learning.
BLOCKCHAIN-BASED TRUST AND AUDIT MODEL FOR SECURING IOT ECOSYSTEMS
The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems increases the need for a security model that can provide reliable device identification, authentication, data integrity and auditability in distributed cyber-physical environments. This paper proposes a blockchain-based trust and audit model for securing IoT ecosystems. The model integrates an edge gateway, cryptographic hashing, smart-contract-based access control, a permissioned blockchain ledger and off-chain storage for large IoT payloads. The proposed approach is designed to reduce full dependence on a centralized server while preserving traceability and verifiability of critical IoT events. A functional architecture, algorithmic workflow, mathematical representation and analytical evaluation are presented. The results show that blockchain-supported IoT security can improve audit completeness, integrity control and inter-device trust compared with purely centralized approaches, while edge preprocessing helps control transaction latency and resource load.
Internet of Things, IoT security, blockchain, smart contract, device authentication, data integrity, edge gateway, off-chain storage, audit ledger
ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: СИНГАПУРСКИЙ ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕЕ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
В статье рассматривается феномен цифровой трансформации национальной экономики на основе успешных международных кейсов. Особое внимание было уделено сингапурскому опыту, были изучены локальные модели развития, трансформации и цифровизации хозяйственного комплекса. В рамках исследования была рассмотрена современная институциональная среда Узбекистана для внедрения передовых цифровых решений. Также были рассмотрены барьеры, которые мешают процессу внедрения, и предложен потенциально эффективный путь адаптации сингапурских практик в условиях Узбекистана. В итоге определены основные перспективы экономического обновления.
цифровая трансформация, национальная экономика, Сингапур, Узбекистан, цифровизация, институциональная среда, экономическое развитие, внедрение технологий.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING STYLES ON PUPILS' ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING
Learning styles significantly impact English vocabulary acquisition among pupils. This study examines how visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning preferences affect vocabulary retention and achievement. Research indicates that matching instructional methods with individual learning styles enhances vocabulary mastery. Teachers who adapt their approaches to accommodate diverse learning preferences facilitate better student outcomes. Understanding these cognitive differences enables educators to create more effective vocabulary instruction strategies. Results suggest that differentiated instruction based on learning styles improves both short-term retention and long-term vocabulary acquisition in English language learning contexts.
learning styles, vocabulary acquisition, English language teaching, educational psychology, differentiated instruction
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF REMARKS, GESTURES, AND FACIAL EXPRESSIONS IN CREATING DRAMATIC CHARACTERS
This article explores the significance of artistic poetics in the creation of dramatic characters. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the functional roles of stage directions (remarks), gestures, and facial expressions (mimicry) in the development of characters within a play. Through a comparative analysis of scholarly works in Russian, Uzbek, and Karakalpak literary studies, the study highlights how these elements function as essential poetic tools for revealing a character's internal psychological state, stage movement, and the overall compositional integrity of a dramatic text.
Dramaturgy, character, personality, stage direction (remark), stage, protagonist, art of characterization, literary criticism, comedy, dialogue, playwright, play.