THE IMPACT OF FLUID BALANCE ON THE SEVERITY OF PULMONARY EDEMA AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE PNEUMONIA: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY
Keywords:
Severe pneumonia; Fluid balance; Pulmonary edema; Pediatric respiratory failure; Lung ultrasound; Oxygenation index.Abstract
Background: Fluid overload may exacerbate pulmonary edema and worsen respiratory failure in children with severe pneumonia. However, prospective pneumonia-specific data integrating lung ultrasound (LUS) monitoring remain limited.
References
1. World Health Organization. Pneumonia. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
2. UNICEF. Pneumonia data and trends. New York: UNICEF; 2023.
3. McAllister DA, et al. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7:e47–e59.
4. Alobaidi R, et al. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172:257–268.
5. Flori HR, et al. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13:322–329.
6. Lintz VC, et al. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;74:102714.
7. Foglia MJ, et al. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2025;26:e454–e462.
8. PALICC Group. Pediatrics. 2015;136:e1124–e1135.
9. Matthay MA, et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5:18.
10. Volpicelli G, et al. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:577–591.
11. Pereda MA, et al. Pediatrics. 2015;135:714–722.
12. Zheng LL, et al. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24:51.
13. Yang Y, et al. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50:12.
14. Maitland K, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2483–2495.
